​华为通信电源基本工作原理

华为通信电源系统基本工作原理

      文摘：阐述了华为通信电源在通信业务安全稳定运行中的重要作用，详细介绍了电力系统通信电源的具体组成和功能，以及通信电源各部分的工作原理。此外，本文还介绍了作为备用电源的通信电池的日常操作和维护知识。

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      介绍：

华为通信电源是专门为通信设备提供交直流电源的设备。它在通信网络中起着极其重要的作用。它甚至把供电设备比作通信系统的“心脏”。近年来，由于微电子技术和计算机技术在通信设备中的广泛应用，通信电源的瞬时中断也会丢失大量的信息，因此通信设备对电源的可靠性要求也越来越高。同时，随着通信设备容量的大幅度增加，通信任务也非常重要。因此，停电将造成巨大的经济损失和极坏的政治影响。如果通信站的供电系统发生故障，供电中断将使整个通信站瘫痪，影响整个或部分通信网络的正常运行。因此，必须重视通信电源的安全可靠性。

      1.电力通信供电系统的组成

      电源是保证通信畅通的重要设备，是通信系统的重要组成部分。通信电源系统主要由六部分组成：交流配电设备、整流器、直流大型设备、电池组、监控系统、防雷接地系统。

      2。电力通信电源的基本特点和要求

      电力通信供电系统是为了保证电力系统的可靠运行，特别是通信机房内设置的-48V直流专用通信电源，确保通信设备稳定，可靠，连续，独立运行。电网事故。通信电源系统的基本要求是可靠性和稳定性。众所周知，普通通信设备的故障只会产生局部影响，如果通信电源发生故障，通信系统将完全中断，从而产生广泛的影响。因此，电力系统的交流部分应该是可靠的电力来源。主电源应有两个输入，可自动切换。直流部分应与电池组并联。电力系统应具有防雷组件和波浪保护。电涌保护装置，确保电力系统安全运行。

      3。电力通信电源管理

      3.1更加重视供电设备

      供电设备不同于我国通信网络的传输和接入设备，本质上不属于通信设备，在生产中得不到应有的重视，在组织、人员、资金、管理等方面也没有相应的保障。然而，必须看到，通信电源作为整个通信网络的能源保障，其作用是全球性的、全球性的。虽然它不是通信网络的主流设备，但它确实是通信网络中最重要、最关键的设备。

      3.2加强权力管理的专门化

      通信电源需要在通信网络的各级管理和建设和维护上独立管理和供电人员。

      3.3注意通信电源系统的初步设计和安装

      供电系统设计应充分考虑容量、地理位置、空间布局、未来发展、设备质量、工作勘察设计、运行方式选择、施工管理、运行维护管理等因素。其中，对设备的选择、方案设计和工程管理应给予更多的关注。

      3.4维修动力设备的具体措施

      1。供电方式要大力推进分散供电，有备品备件，使用同一直流电压通信设备，采用两个以上独立供电系统，确保在一台供电设备发生故障时，及时排除另一台供电设备。

      2.设备应模块化，可热插拔，便于更换和维修。另一个是应该建立电力故障应急计划，以确保可靠的电力供应。最后，要提高技术水平，大力推进集中维护制度。

      实施集中监控管理是技术发展的必然趋势，是现代通信网络的需要，是企业减少人员、提高效率的措施之一。随着通信设备的日益集成化和小型化，各种供电设备也应进行智能化和符号化，符合开放式通信协议。集中监控必须逐步实施。在实施过程中，三个远程点（遥信、遥测、遥控）的设备应合理，越多越好，否则其效果将适得其反。

      4.维修电力通讯电池

      直流供电系统是电池室通信供电系统的重要组成部分。在供电正常的情况下，电池虽然不承担向通信设备供电的任务，但可以提高整流器的供电质量，起到平滑滤波的作用。当电源中断，整流器发生故障时，电池单独供电，负责所有负载的供电任务，起到备用的作用。因此，蓄电池的维护是整个通信电源系统维护的关键。

      在通信电源的日常维护中，电池的维护测试比较繁琐，必须做细致的工作。阀控密封铅酸蓄电池日常维护中应注意的事项如下：

      4.1处理电池以避免短路

      新电池100％充电。装卸接头时，必须小心操作，避免短路，使用绝缘工具和手套。由于自放电，新电池在投入使用前需要充电和容量测试。

      4.2连接螺丝必须拧紧

      否则，连接电阻会增大，在大电流充放电过程中容易导致连接杆受热甚至起火，但不会因紧固力过大而损坏杆柱，最好使用扭矩扳手。

      4.3平时阀门控制电池的检查项目

      尽管阀控电池被称为“免维护”电池，但仍需要在实际工作中进行维护。需要经常检查的项目有：端子电压，组电压，电池温度，连接处的松动和腐蚀，电池外壳。无论是否有泄漏变形，极安全阀都没有酸雾逃逸。

      4.3平时阀门控制电池的检查项目

      4.4蓄电池的保存

      如果充电后不立即使用，应尽量避免在高温环境下使用。温度越高，自放电越大。有时经过长期存放后，不经过几次充放电循环就不能完全恢复。

      4.5点清洁电池时要注意

      清洗电池时应使用湿布、干布或化纤布可使电池外壳开裂，造成渗漏或腐蚀起火，检查和维修时应戴上橡胶手套和胶鞋。

      5。电力通信供电系统的防雷

      5.1雷击产生的危害

      雷击会产生强大的电流和高电压，可能对人体和设备造成严重损害。直接雷击或感应雷击会对通信设备造成很大伤害。防雷是一项系统工程。采用有效的技术和设备只能降低雷击损坏的可能性并减少损坏。所有输入和输出电缆必须屏蔽防雷，并根据规格采用完美的接地系统。严格接地，减少雷击。

      5.2防雷接地

      为了防止雷电引起的过电压和过电流对供电设备的损坏，通信电源系统中一般设置防雷接地装置。防雷接地装置的接地电阻值一般小于5℃。在土壤电阻率较高的地方，接地电阻值应小于10％。在通信电源系统中，防雷接地线通常与工作接地线和保护接地线分开。在电力通信供电系统中，防雷接地、工作接地和保护接地通常共用一组接地线。

      开发了多种防雷接地技术。这些是确保通信网络可靠性的重要技术，也是通信领域的重要基本技术。联合接地系统和出入境防雷系统以及各种安全装置是目前广泛使用的有效方法。要做好通信设备的避雷工作，同事还需要使用更成熟的避雷针、避雷带、避雷绳，闪电网和其他在理论和实践上都能诱导雷电流通过地线进入地球的设备。结果表明，结合接地系统和外入、外入线路的防雷系统可以大大降低雷击损伤的概率。

      随着光纤通信环网自愈功能的提高和光纤通信设备故障率的急剧下降，供电可靠性问题日益突出。在通信中断故障的各种原因中，通信电源问题所占的比例最大，并且有上升的趋势。国家电网公司通信部门多次发出文件，要求加强对通信电源的检查和管理，并明确要求在反事故措施中配置“双路由、双设备、双电源”。

Basic working principle of Huawei communication power system

Abstract: This paper expounds the important role of communication power supply in the safe and stable operation of communication services, and introduces the specific composition and function of the power system communication power supply, as well as the working principle of each part of the communication power supply. In addition, this paper also introduces the daily operation and maintenance knowledge of the communication battery as the standby power supply.

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Introduction:

Huawei communication power supply is a device that provides AC and DC power for communication equipment. It plays an extremely important role in the communication network. It even compares the power supply equipment to the "heart" of the communication system. In recent years, due to the wide application of microelectronics and computer technology in communication equipment, the instantaneous interruption of communication power supply will also lose a lot of information, so the reliability requirements of communication equipment for power supply are increasingly high. At the same time, with the increase of communication equipment capacity, communication task is very important. Therefore, the blackout will cause huge economic loss and extremely bad political influence. If the power supply system of the communication station fails, the power interruption will paralyze the whole communication station and affect the normal operation of the whole or part of the communication network. Therefore, we must pay attention to the safety and reliability of communication power supply.

1. Composition of power communication power supply system

Power supply is an important equipment to ensure smooth communication and an important part of communication system. The communication power supply system mainly consists of six parts: AC power distribution equipment, rectifier, DC large equipment, battery pack, monitoring system, lightning protection and grounding system.

2. Basic characteristics and requirements of power communication power supply

The power communication power supply system is to ensure the reliable operation of the power system, especially the - 48V DC special communication power supply set in the communication room, to ensure the stable, reliable, continuous and independent operation of the communication equipment. Grid accident. The basic requirement of communication power system is reliability and stability. As we all know, the failure of common communication equipment will only produce local effect. If the communication power supply fails, the communication system will be completely interrupted, which will have a wide range of effects. Therefore, the AC part of the power system should be a reliable power source. The main power supply shall have two inputs, which can be switched automatically. The DC part shall be connected in parallel with the battery pack. The power system shall have lightning protection components and wave protection. Surge protection device to ensure the safe operation of the power system.

3. Power management of power communication

3.1 pay more attention to power supply equipment

Power supply equipment is different from the transmission and access equipment of communication network in our country. In essence, it does not belong to the communication equipment. It is not given due attention in production, and there is no corresponding guarantee in organization, personnel, capital, management and other aspects. However, it must be noted that as the energy guarantee of the whole communication network, the role of communication power supply is global and global. Although it is not the mainstream equipment of communication network, it is indeed the most important and critical equipment in communication network.

3.2 strengthen the specialization of power management

Communication power supply requires independent management and power supply personnel in the management, construction and maintenance of communication network at all levels.

3.3 pay attention to the preliminary design and installation of communication power system

The power supply system design shall fully consider the capacity, geographical location, spatial layout, future development, equipment quality, work survey and design, operation mode selection, construction management, operation and maintenance management and other factors. Among them, more attention should be paid to equipment selection, scheme design and engineering management.

3.4 specific measures for maintenance of power equipment

1. The power supply mode should vigorously promote decentralized power supply, with spare parts, use the same DC voltage communication equipment, and use more than two independent power supply systems to ensure that when one power supply equipment fails, another power supply equipment can be eliminated in time.

2. The equipment shall be modular, hot swappable and easy to replace and maintain. The other is to establish an emergency plan for power failure to ensure reliable power supply. Finally, we need to improve the technical level and vigorously promote the centralized maintenance system.

The implementation of centralized monitoring management is the inevitable trend of technological development, the need of modern communication network, and one of the measures for enterprises to reduce personnel and improve efficiency. With the increasing integration and miniaturization of communication equipment, various power supply equipment should also be intelligent and symbolic, in line with the open communication protocol. Centralized monitoring must be implemented step by step. In the process of implementation, the equipment of three remote points (remote signaling, telemetry, remote control) should be reasonable, the more the better, otherwise its effect will be counterproductive.

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4. Maintenance of power communication battery

DC power supply system is an important part of battery room communication power supply system. In the case of normal power supply, although the battery does not undertake the task of power supply to communication equipment, it can improve the power supply quality of rectifier and play a role of smooth filtering. When the power supply is interrupted and the rectifier fails, the battery will supply power separately, which is responsible for the power supply task of all loads and plays the role of backup. Therefore, the maintenance of the battery is the key to the maintenance of the whole communication power system.

In the daily maintenance of communication power supply, the maintenance and test of battery is more complicated, so we must do detailed work. Precautions for routine maintenance of VRLA battery are as follows:

4.1 handle the battery to avoid short circuit

The new battery is 100% charged. When loading and unloading joints, care must be taken to avoid short circuit and use insulating tools and gloves. Due to self discharge, new batteries need to be charged and charged before being put into use

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