华为通信电源的设计

随着易变的通信市场对各种华为通信电源电源的需求，迫使设备制造商不仅仅要降低成本，而且要提供更有效和更可靠的电源方案，才能保持竞争力。半导体提供应商正在使电源系统设计人员能把低成本、小巧隔离的电源嵌入到母板和线路板卡上。

　　新的高集成度、高电压(100V)功率ASIC(如LM5041级联转换器和LM5030推挽PWM控制器)使所需的外部元件数和印刷电路板面积最少。级联转换器直接离开-48V总线工作，可产生多个低电压输出，其总效率要比工作在+12V中间总线转换器(IBC)的多POL负载点转换器要高，而成本要低。VoIP、DSL(数字用户线)和3G基站需要不同复杂程度的电源设计。

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　　VoIP电源

　　VoIP系统的最好方案是推挽转换器。推挽转换器基本上是等效于两个交错正激转换器。但推挽转换器只有一个变压器(是自重新调整)和一个输出电感器，使得它比单个正激转换器稍微复杂。由于交错效应使输入纹波电流大大降低，所以，可以用较小的输入电感器。输出电感器衰减输出纹波电流，使它可以用比较便宜的较低纹波电流额定值的电容器。级联电路馈入推挽拓扑结构也可用于提供更佳效率，特别是在输入电压范围极值情况下。对于较高功率和需要高效率的应用，用这种混合拓扑结构是一种良好的选择。

　　DSL电源

　　在DSL应用中，可以用一个-48V到多输出的转换器，这种转换器包含一个较复杂、具有几个输出的低功率变压器(50W~100W)。多输出电源往往用反激变换器实现。这种方法是一种最简单的拓扑结构，其缺点是所有输出(控制输出除外)的负载调整比较差。

　　DSL应用优先选用的电源结构是推挽中间总线转换器，用于变换48V输入电压到+12V和为系统负载提供电隔离。可把多输出同步降压稳压器加到+12V DC 总线上以便最后变换为几个低电压、高电流系统负载电压(见图2)。这种方法利用电源管理IC(如LM5030推挽控制器和LM5642双输出电流模式同步降压控制器)的工作效率和经济性。

通信系统电源的设计

　　3G基站用电源

　　3G基站应用中，用两个转换器提供正常条件和供电中断期间的+27V分布总线电压。由主AC线路供电的高电压(400VDC)转换器为正常工作期间的系统供电，而第2个转换器在电源线中断期间断开-48V备份电池工作。

　　在3G基站电源系统(图3)中插入主AC/DC转换器(在单级DC/DC转换器中具有电池备份转换器)，因此，去掉额外的400V到48V的DC/DC转换器级。这降低了成本，同时改善了整个系统效率。用了一个双FET正激转换器产生27V DC总线电压。此正激转换器具有两个上端FET，每个FET连接到电源变压器的初级(以适当的匝数)。在AC主电源电压处在正确范围内时，输入电压感测逻辑导通连接到400V总线的顶端FETQ2。在AC线电源中断期间，启动顶端FET Q3从备份电池供电转换器。由电池备份电源电压供电的27V分布总线到主功率发送器和3.3V砖式DC/DC转换器，后者可用于POL(负载点)转换器电源。

With the demand of various Huawei communication power supplies in the changeable communication market, equipment manufacturers are forced not only to reduce costs, but also to provide more effective and reliable power solutions to maintain competitiveness. Semiconductor suppliers are enabling power system designers to embed low-cost, small, isolated power supplies into motherboards and circuit boards.

The new high integration, high voltage (100V) power ASIC (such as lm5041 cascade converter and lm5030 Push-Pull PWM controller) minimizes the number of external components and PCB area required. The cascade converter works directly off the - 48V bus, which can produce multiple low-voltage outputs. Its total efficiency is higher than that of the multi pol load point converter working on the + 12V intermediate bus converter (IBC), and its cost is lower. VoIP, DSL (digital subscriber line) and 3G base station need different complex power design.

VoIP power supply

The best scheme of VoIP system is push-pull converter. Push pull converter is basically equivalent to two interleaved forward converters. However, push-pull converter has only one transformer (self adjustment) and one output inductor, which makes it slightly more complex than a single forward converter. Due to the interleaving effect, the input ripple current is greatly reduced, so a smaller input inductor can be used. The output inductor attenuates the output ripple current so that it can be used as a relatively cheap capacitor with a lower ripple current rating. The feed push-pull topology of cascaded circuits can also be used to provide better efficiency, especially in the case of extreme input voltage range. For high power and high efficiency applications, this hybrid topology is a good choice.

DSL power supply

In DSL applications, a - 48V to multi output converter can be used, which includes a complex low power transformer (50W ~ 100W) with several outputs. Multi output power supply is often realized by flyback converter. This method is the simplest topological structure, and its disadvantage is that the load adjustment of all outputs (except control output) is poor.

The preferred power structure for DSL application is push-pull intermediate bus converter, which is used to transform 48V input voltage to + 12V and provide electrical isolation for system load. The multi output synchronous step-down voltage regulator can be added to + 12V DC bus to finally transform into several low voltage and high current system load voltages (see Figure 2). This method uses the efficiency and economy of power management IC (such as lm5030 push-pull controller and LM5642 Dual Output Current Mode Synchronous Buck Controller).

Design of power supply for communication system

Power supply for 3G base station

In 3G base station application, two converters are used to provide + 27V distribution bus voltage during normal conditions and power supply interruption. The high voltage (400VDC) converter powered by the main AC line supplies power to the system during normal operation, while the second converter disconnects the - 48V backup battery during power line interruption.

The main AC / DC converter (with battery backup converter in the single-stage DC / DC converter) is inserted in the 3G base station power system (Figure 3), so the additional 400V to 48V DC / DC converter stage is removed. This reduces costs while improving overall system efficiency. A dual FET forward converter is used to generate 27V DC bus voltage. The forward converter has two upper FETs, each connected to the primary of the power transformer (with an appropriate number of turns). When the AC main power supply voltage is in the correct range, the input voltage sensing logic is connected to the top fetq2 of the 400V bus. During the AC line power interruption, start the top FET Q3 from the backup battery powered converter. The 27V distribution bus powered by the battery backup power supply voltage to the main power transmitter and 3.3V brick DC / DC converter, which can be used for pol (load point) converter power supply.

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