华为通信电源技术发展趋势

华为通信电源技术发展趋势，通信电源在整个通信行业中虽然占的比例比较小，但它是整个通信网络的关键基础设施，是通信网络上一个完整而又不可替代的独立专业。对于电源产品来说也是最基础的，产品技术的发展和变化速度也不同于其他通信产品，电源产品的种类繁多，包括高频开关电源设备、半导体整流设备、直流-直流模块电源、直流-直流变换设备、逆变电源设备、交、直流配电设备、交流稳压器、交流不间断电源（UPS）、铅酸蓄电池、移动通信手持机电池、发电机组、集中监控系统等，主要归纳为以下三方面并重点介绍这几方面产品技术的发展趋势。

山东格伦德电源电源科技有限公司  联系人：孟经理   咨询热线：183-6606-8668

    1、电力电子设备

    目前互联网技术在通信行业中的快速发展，支持通信互联网终端设备的电源设备也正朝着高效率拓展、网络化管理、全数字化控制、低电流谐波处理技术（绿色电源）的方向发展。

    (1) 高效率的拓展

    新型高性能器件的不断研发、涌现与应用，促进了电源产品的升级换代，使得电源的开关频率高达300~400kHz，小功率电源已实现1MHz的开关频率，提高了电源功率密度 ，对电源技术进步与发展起着重要的支撑作用。

    例如：绝缘栅双极型晶体管（IGBT）、功率场效应晶体管（MOSFET）、智能IGBT功率模块（IPM）、MOS栅控晶闸管（MCT）、静电感应晶体管（SIT）、超过恢复二极管、无感电容器、无感电阻器、新型磁材料和变压器、EMI滤波器等。

    软开关技术、准谐振技术的研究趋于成熟稳定，具有代表性的是谐振变换、移相谐振、零开关PWM、零过渡PWM等电路拓扑新理论，重心就是减少了过去硬开关模式下，电源设备开通时，开关器件在开关过程中电压上升/下降和电流上升/下降波形交叠产生的损耗和噪声，实现了零电压/零电流开关，降低损耗，提高电源系统的稳定性和效率。

    (2) 网络化管理

    随着互联网技术应用日益普及和信息处理技术的不断发展，通信系统从以前的单机或小局域系统发展至大局域网系统、广域网系统，则支持保护通信互联网终端设备的电子开关方面的电源设备必须具备数据处理和通信能力，并要通过RS232接口实现网络化通信就必须能完成以下功能：

具有智慧型人机界面，使网络技术人员可以随时监视电源设备运行状态、各项技术参数； 具有各种保护、告警和数据信息存储、处理、打印等功能； 具有远程开关机功能，使网络技术人员可定时开关交流或备用电源。

    (3) 全数字化控制

    通信设施所处环境越来越复杂，人烟稀少、交通不便都增大了维护的难度，数字化技术表现出了传统模拟技术无法实现的优势，对通信电源内所有控制技术，如AC/DC整流稳压、DC/AC逆变、SPWM、同步锁相、蓄电池的管理等等。将随着微处理器和监控软件的引入，电源的自我监控能力普遍增强，可以实时地监控设备本身的各种运行参数和状态，预警功能和故障诊断功能，有效地实现了通信动力设备的无人职守与远程监控，维护人员可远程观察电源设备的运行参数和状态，当出现故障时，可将故障信息及时上报，并可利用电话、传真、寻呼等通信手段通知值班人员，加快故障排除的效率。采用全数字化控制技术，有效地缩小电源体积降低了成本，大大提高了设备的可靠性和对用户的适应性。

    (4) 低电流谐波处理技术

    在通信电源开发、生产早期，人们主要集中研究电源的输出特性，比较少地考虑电源的输入特性。例如：传统的在线式电源输入AC/DC部分通常采用桥式整流滤波电路，其输入电流呈脉冲状，导通角约为π/3，波峰因数大于纯电阻负载的1.4倍，由于大量使用谐波电流大的电源将给电网带来严重的污染，使电网波形失真、降低实际负荷能力，尤其对于三相四线制将导致过大中性线电流带来不安全隐患。随着网络时代人们环保意识和安全意识的增强，以及电力电子技术、功率器件的发展，软体谐波处理技术也正在逐渐成熟并推广应用，通信电源中采用有源谐波处理技术也是势在必行，不但可以改善电源对电网的负载特性，减少对其他网络设备的谐波干扰，同时也大大提高了电源的源效应，因而网络时代通信电源也必将逐渐是低谐波输入的新一代绿色电源。

    2、电池设备

    电池是将电能转化成化学能储存起来，在需要时再将化学能转化为电能的一种储能装置。在信息化社会中，高科技电子电源设备与人们的生活已息息相关，后备直流电源的应用也越来越广泛，作为后备直流电源重要组成部分的蓄电池，其质量的优劣对保证后备直流电源正常运行就显得尤为重要。因此，通信业的发展对供电系统要求是既合理又要安全、稳定、可靠，促进了蓄电池的技术不断开拓更新，制造工艺的提高又保证电池的各项技术指标、性能的稳定可靠，增大了电池的使用寿命。

    (1) 新固化和化成技术

    固化是VRLA电池生产的重要工序，对电池的初期容量、寿命都有较大影响。传统的固化工艺形成3PbO2 . PbO2 . H2O(3BS)，若采用800C下高温和膏技术可得到4 PbO2 . PbO2(4BS)，4BS制造的电池不仅容量高而且寿命长。化成过程中采用监控软件，可以提高化成工序的生产效率及产品质量。采用红丹可缩短固化与化成时间，使固化易于控制，提高初期容量和生产效率。

    (2) 板栅合金工艺技术的更新

    传统的耐腐蚀板栅不但构造复杂，而且还易引起早期容量损失、正极膨胀、伸长和寿命短等问题，因为铅膏与耐蚀板栅结合困难。在板栅合金中添加适量的微量元素可大大提高板栅的性能。从长远看，板栅材料及工艺技术应有三个方向：

冷却合金，使得所有元素的均匀混合物，耐蚀性大大提高； 轻型板栅，用铝、铜网做基材，表面涂覆铅，或采用玻璃纤维丝，表面热挤压包覆铅锡合金，成为铅丝，再编织成铅布作为板栅； 网板栅（板栅可减薄），由于采用冷挤压成型，金属组织比重力浇铸的要细密得多，耐蚀性明显提高，增加了寿命，提高了生产效率。

    (3) 催化栓技术

    铅酸蓄电池在通信行业中大部分使用在浮充状态下，正极电位很高，氧的析出严重，而催化栓放于密封电池内部的上端，补充了传统氧气再复合机理的负极作用，即正极析出的氧被直接复合，这部分氧不必到负极去复合，减轻了负极的去极化负担，同时负极排放量减少，水损失减小。

    随着电池生产工艺、原材料的不断改进与更新，由于铅资源丰富、工艺逐步成熟、适用范围广、具有良好的可逆性，在本世纪里仍广泛使用在各个领域中。但是高能电池、燃料电池（绿色能源）和自动化、智能化技术以及产品技术标准也将在我国加大了研究的力度。

    3、发电机组方面

    日前国产化的柴油发电机组技术的发展与国外机组技术的发展有一定的差异，从市场的占有率来看，国内机组只在30%~40%，进口机组在国内目前市场占有一定的重要地位。但环保型的发电机组-燃气轮机发电机组由于体积小、重量轻、机动性好，对环境污染也小，我国已有企业研发和生产，目前正在被推广用于车载移动通信基站，通信行业标准也已制订批准发布实施，今后将会在通信领域中得到更大的发展。

Although the proportion of communication power supply in the whole communication industry is relatively small, it is the key infrastructure of the whole communication network, and it is a complete and irreplaceable independent specialty in the communication network. For power supply products, it is also the most basic. The development and change speed of product technology is different from other communication products. There are many kinds of power supply products, including high-frequency switching power supply equipment, semiconductor rectifier equipment, DC-DC module power supply, DC-DC converter equipment, inverter power supply equipment, AC and DC power distribution equipment, AC voltage regulator, AC uninterruptible power supply (up S) , lead-acid battery, mobile communication handset battery, generator set, centralized monitoring system, etc. are mainly summarized as the following three aspects and the development trend of these aspects of product technology is mainly introduced.

1. Power electronic equipment

At present, with the rapid development of Internet technology in the communication industry, the power supply equipment supporting the communication internet terminal equipment is also developing in the direction of high efficiency development, network management, full digital control, low current harmonic processing technology (green power supply).

(1) Efficient expansion

The continuous development, emergence and application of new high-performance devices promote the upgrading of power supply products, making the switching frequency of the power supply as high as 300 ~ 400kHz, and the small power supply has realized the switching frequency of 1MHz, improving the power density of the power supply, which plays an important supporting role in the progress and development of power technology.

For example: insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), power field effect transistor (MOSFET), intelligent IGBT power module (IPM), MOS gate controlled thyristor (MCT), static induction transistor (SIT), over recovery diode, senseless capacitor, senseless resistor, new magnetic material and transformer, EMI filter, etc.

The research of soft switch technology and quasi resonant technology tends to be mature and stable, and the representative ones are the new circuit topology theories such as resonant transformation, phase-shifting resonance, zero switch PWM and zero transition PWM. The focus is to reduce the loss and noise caused by the overlapping of voltage rise / fall and current rise / fall waveforms in the switching process when the power supply equipment is opened in the past hard switch mode Zero voltage / zero current switch is realized to reduce the loss and improve the stability and efficiency of the power system.

(2) Network management

With the increasing popularity of Internet technology application and the continuous development of information processing technology, the communication system has developed from a single or small local area system to a large local area network system and a wide area network system. The power supply equipment supporting the electronic switch protection of the communication internet terminal equipment must have the data processing and communication capabilities, and it is necessary to realize the network communication through the RS232 interface It can complete the following functions:

With intelligent human-computer interface, network technicians can monitor the operation status and technical parameters of power equipment at any time; with various functions of protection, alarm and data information storage, processing and printing; with remote switch function, network technicians can switch on and off the AC or standby power supply at a fixed time.

(3) Full digital control

The environment of communication facilities is becoming more and more complex, and the sparsely populated and inconvenient traffic increase the difficulty of maintenance. The digital technology shows the advantages that the traditional analog technology can't realize. It can control all the control technologies in the communication power supply, such as AC / DC rectifier and voltage regulator, DC / AC inverter, SPWM, phase-locked in the same step, battery management, etc. With the introduction of microprocessors and monitoring software, the self-monitoring ability of the power supply is generally enhanced. It can monitor various operation parameters and states of the equipment itself in real time, early warning function and fault diagnosis function, effectively realizing the unattended and remote monitoring of the communication power equipment. The maintenance personnel can observe the operation parameters and states of the power equipment remotely when there is a fault, The fault information can be reported in time, and the personnel on duty can be informed by means of telephone, fax, paging and other communication means, so as to speed up the efficiency of troubleshooting. By using the full digital control technology, the volume of power supply is effectively reduced, the cost is reduced, and the reliability of the equipment and the adaptability to users are greatly improved.

(4) Low current harmonic processing technology

In the early days of the development and production of communication power supply, people mainly focused on the output characteristics of the power supply, less on the input characteristics of the power supply. For example, the traditional on-line power input AC / DC part usually adopts bridge rectifier filter circuit, its input current is pulse like, the conduction angle is about π / 3, the wave crest factor is 1.4 times higher than the pure resistance load, because a large number of power supply with large harmonic current will bring serious pollution to the power grid, make the power grid waveform distortion, reduce the actual load capacity, especially for the three-phase four wire system will lead Excessive neutral current will bring unsafe risks. With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and safety in the network era, as well as the development of power electronics technology and power devices, software harmonic processing technology is gradually mature and widely used. It is imperative to adopt active harmonic processing technology in communication power supply. It can not only improve the load characteristics of power supply to the grid, reduce harmonic interference to other network equipment, but also It greatly improves the source effect of the power supply, so the communication power supply in the network era will gradually be a new generation of green power supply with low harmonic input.

2. Battery equipment

Battery is a kind of energy storage device that converts electric energy into chemical energy for storage and then converts chemical energy into electric energy when necessary. In the information society, high-tech electronic power equipment is closely related to people's life, and the application of backup DC power supply is more and more

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